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G. E. $ORIBNER.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

N 418,758. Patentd Jan. 7, 1890.

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O. E. SGRIBNER.

- ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 418,758. Patented Jan. '7, 1890.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheet-Sheet s.

U. E. SORIBNER ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 418,758. Patented Jan. 7, 1890.

Ig'n? Wizesswfm/enzz- 1112772535006 WJM N, versus PhomUthogr-uphnr,Washlngton. n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES E. SCRIBNER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE \VESTERNELECTRIC COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 418,758, dated January7, 1890.

I Application filed July 2, 1886. Serial No. 206,979. (No model.)

. To all whom it may concern: I No. 116,102, filed December 31, 1883,Case 70, Be it known that 1, CHARLES E. SCRIBNER, I have described andclaimed balance-lever a citizen of the United States, residing atChimechanism in connection with the coarse-wire cago, in the county ofCook and State of Illimagnet and the fine-Wire magnetin theshunt nois,have invented a certain new and useful around the arc for regulating andfeeding the Improvement in DoubleCarbon Arc Lamps, carbons in asingle-arc lamp. In my inven- (Case 109,) of which the following is afull, tion herein I preferably employ this system clear, concise, andexact description, reference of leverage in connection with alifting-magbeing had to the accompanying drawings, net and magnet in theshunt around the are [0 forming a part of this specification. andspecially designed clutching, shifting, 6o

Myinvention relates to that class of electric and retaining mechanismfor operating the arc lights in which two sets of carbons are carbons ofthe two sets and causing the are employed, the different sets being soarranged to be transferred from the first set to the sec- 5 that onesetwill be practically consumed be- 011d after the carbons of the firstset, taking :5 fore the carbons of the other set are brought the areupon the initial starting, have been into service. practically consumed.

Heretofore various forms of electric arc The special feeding andretaining mechanlamps have been employed. As usually conism of thedifierent carbon-rods in my lamp structed, the carbon points are atfirst placed is the samethat is to say, the two sides of 20 so as to bein contact. \Vhen the current is my lamp are symmetrical the onewith,the

established, the points are moved apart a suffiother. cient distance toproduce the are. As the car- The action of the feeding and regulatingbons are consumed the carbon points must mechanism is precisely the samewhether the be fed together, so as to maintain the are as are is burning011 one side or upon the other,

25 nearly constant as possible. and it is matter of indifferencedetermined The construction of all double-carbon lamps by the accidentalresistance of the two sets of generally in use adapted to burn in seriescarbons which set takes the are when ourhas been such that the arc hasgradually inrent is first closed through the lamp. creased in length asthe weight has been re- Among the special features of my invention 0moved by the consumption of the carbons. herein I would mention thelifting lever or The object of my invention is to improve yokesupporting normally the two clutch-lethe action of such double-carbonarc lamps, so vers placed on opposite sides thereof. At the that auniform length of arc may be mainfree end of each of the clutch-leversis placed tained during the Whole time the lamp is burna softironarmature, and above these arma- 5 ing, and at the same time render thelamps tnres are placed the retaining-magnets, remore sensitive andcertain in their operation. spectively. These retaining-magnets are pro-This I accomplish by relieving the set of carvided with circuits soarranged that when one bons that may be burning, whether one set or areis burning the retaining-magnet of the the other, from the Weight orinfluence of the idle pair of carbons will be in circuit there- 40 idleset. Thus, relieving the special regulatwith. WVhen the lamp is firstbrought into ing mechanism of the set-that is burning from circuit, thecentral lifting lever or yoke is the influence or weight of the specialregulatraised, and with it both clutch-levers, so as to ing and feedingmechanism of the other set, separate at the same time the members of theI am enabled to keep the arcs of the different two sets of carbons. Forreasons well under- 5 sets practically of the same average length, stoodtwo arcs will not persist in different 5 and at the same time cause mylamp to burn, sides of the same parallel circuit. Therefore whether oneset or the other may be in service, only one persisting arc is formed,the location as steadily as a single-carbon lamp until both thereof asbetween one set or the other being sets of carbons are consumed.determined by the accidental resistance in the 50 In a prior applicationnow pending, Serial different sides of the parallel circuit. The I00members of the pair which do not take the are are, however, separated,and the armature of the clutch-lever of the idle rod is brought withinthe active influence of the pole of its retaining-magnet, whichretaining-magnet, as before stated, is now energized. This energizedretaining-magnet is now of sufficient force to attract its armature,thus lifting the clutch-lever of the idle rod from the yoke or centrallifting-lever. In this position the clutch-lever of the idle rod is helduntil the carbons of the set first to take the are are practicallyconsumed, whereupon the are is shifted to the other set in the followingmanner: The rod of the pair first to burn is provided with a stop, whichstop comes against the frame of the lamp, preventing any further feedingof the upper carbon. The are thereupon increases in length until finallyit goes out. The are beingthus extinguished, its circuit is interruptedand the retainingmagnet of the other set is demagnetized, thuspermitting the clutch-lever of the unburned set to fall. The fresh setof carbons are thus brought together and the circuit is againestablished through the lamp. The liftingmagnet performs its function ofseparating the second set of carbons and the new are is established,while at the same time the retaining-magnet. of the first set is broughtin to service. The armature of the clutch-lever of the first set, beingbrought within the active influence of the pole of its retaining-magnet,

is attracted and the weight of its clutch and rod is taken off from thecentral lifting-lever. Thus the set of carbons last to burn is re lievedfrom the influence of the rod, clutch, and clutch-lever of the burnedset.

It is essential to the operation of my lamp that the lower members of ithe two sets of carbons should be insulated from each other. I thereforepreferably form the globe-pan in two parts or sections insulated fromone an- "other, as hereinafter described.

It will be understood that I do not limit myinvention to the balancelever mechanism herein described nor to the constructive details of theseveral parts, since my invention may be readily adapted to any of thewellknown single-arc lamps now in use with only such modifications aswould readily suggest ing the lifting lever or yoke, the clutch-levers,

011 opposite sides thereof provided with armatures, and the clutchescarried thereby, respeet-ively. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the circuitsof the lifting-magnet, the carbons, and the retaining-magnets.

Like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference throughout thedifferent figures.

The lifting-n'iagnet (it is included in the main circuit, and thefeeding-magnet I) is included in a shunt of the arc in the usual manner.The armature of the lifting-magnet is linked by levers c (I- and rod 6to the lifting-leverf. The lever (Z is pivoted upon the armature-leverof feed-magnet b, and motion of the armature of magnet b is communicatedto the lifting-lever) through lever (Z and rod 6. When current flowsthrough magnet a, its armature is attracted and the motion iscommunicated to the lifting-lever f by levers e (Z and rod 6, andthrough the liftinglever f to the carbon -rods, thus separating thecarbons and establishing the are. As the are increases in length thefeed-magnet in the shunt of the arc becomes more strongly magnetized andits armature is attracted, and the motion of this armature iscommunicated through lever (Z and rod 6 to the lifting-lever f, and saidlifting-lever is thereby lowered and a feed of the carbons effected.

Referring now to Fig. 5, it will be seen that the lifting-leverf ispivoted to the frame of the lamp. The clutches of the different rods arerespectively carried by the clutch-levers g and h. These levers g and hare each separately pivoted to the frame and normally rest upon lugs g72., provided upon the central liftinglever f. At the free ends of theclutch-levers g and h are provided the armatures g 7L2, said armaturesbeing controlled by the retaininmagnets 7r, respectively. These magnetsg h" are of course wire and provided with only a small number of turns,in order that, while sufiicientto do the work required, they may notintroduce any unnecessary resistance into the circuit. \Vhen theliftinglever has been moved by the action of the magnet to, so as toseparate the carbons, the armature of the excited retaining-magnet willbe brought so near the pole of thismagnet as to be drawn thereto. Thus,supposing the arc should be between the set a, retainingmagnet will bebrought into circuit, and the armature g' having been brought within theactive influence of the pole of retainingmagnet by the raising of thelever f said armature will be drawn to said pole and will be retainedthereby, thus lifting clutchlever g from lug g, so that lifting-levcrfwill be freed from the weight of lever g and the rod, carbon, and clutchcarried thereby; and in like manner when the arc is established betweenthe members of set It retaining-magnet h will be energized, its armature7L2 will be brought within its active attractive force, so thatclutch-lever h will be lifted from lug 7L, and the main lifting-lever fwill be freed from the influence of the lever h, its clutch, rod, andcarbon.

As shown more clearly in Fig. 6, the circuit from hook i may be tracedthrough the lifting-magnet a, and thence in branches to the uppercarbons of the different sets, and thence through the set that isburning-in this instance set 7cto the support of the lower carbon of set7t, and thence, preferably through the insulated yoke Z of hook m, tothe retainin g-magnet ha, and after passing through saidretaining-magnet the circuit may be traced back to the hook on and out.When the other pair or set at of the carbons is burning, the carbons ofset is will be separated, and the circuit may be traced from the hook 1'through lifting-magnet a, through the arc of set 71, thence to insulatedyoke of hook i, and thence through magnet 9 and thence, as before, tohook m and out. Th us when the arc is formed at set 70, magnet it willbe energized. The retaining-magnet which isenergized attracts itsarmature and holds apart the members of the set of carbons carried bythe lever to which its said armature is attached. The separation of thecarbons thus effected serves to hold open the circuit of the otherretaining-magnet, which is thus made neutral, so as not to attract itsarmature while its set of carbons is burning. Thus, as shown in Figs. 4,5, and 6, the. circuit of retaining-magnet g is open at n, and hencelever g rests upon the lug or portion 9' of lever f, and any movement oflever f is communicated to lever g and thence to the clutch and rod ofset k. Magnet 7L3, being in the circuit of set 7:, is energized, andhence the carbons of set at are separated, as before described, and theweight of the lever h is taken off from the lever f. As beforedescribed, main lifting-lever f is connected with the armatures of thelifting and feeding magnets, and the motion for lifting or feeding givento said lever f is communicated to either lever g or 77., accordingly asone or the other is resting upon said leverf.

Stops o 0 are provided upon the carbonrods to arrest the descent of therods when the carbons are consumed. When either rod is thus arrested byits stop, its carbon continues to burn until the length of the arc isincreased,and consequently its resistance, until finally sufficientcurrent is shunted through the feed-magnet b to operate the automaticcut-out of the lamp.

The automatic cut-out which I preferably use is described in one of myprior pending applications, Serial No. 178,865, filed October 3,1885,Case 100. This cut-out consists of contact-points, resistance, andcircuits arranged to shunt the lamp when an arc of abnormal length isformed. This automatic cut-out also serves to shift the are from one setto the other when the first set of carbons is consumed. This automaticcut-out and shifting mechanism will be readily understood by referenceto Figs. 1 and 2; in which are shown the contact-points p p, which, whenclosed,

form a circuit from hook t' to hook m through resistance g. Thisresistance maybe a stick of carbon or other well-known resistance andshould be of about a quarter of an ohm. This resistance is mounted uponthe frame of the lamp and is carried thereby. The contactpoints 1.1 andp are adjusted to close when an arc of abnormal length is formed.

In case the length of the arc is increased beyond the normal, as beforestated, more and more current is shunted through feed-magnet 1) untilits armature is attracted sufficiently to cause lever f to descend belowthe point at which a feed would take place if the rod were not held byits stop, and when lever f is thus caused to descend point 19 will beclosed upon point 19'. These points being closed, the lamp is shuntedthrough resistance (1 and the arc extinguished. The retaining-magnetwhich was included in circuit with the arc thus put out will thereuponlose its magnetism. The armature of this retaining-magnet is thereuponreleased, and the clutch-lever which had been held by said armaturefalls and rests upon the lever f and the carbon-rod is released. Circuitis thus established through the second set of carbonsthat is to say,when the lamp is shunted by the automatic cut-out the are at k isextinguished, and the rod of set being held by its stop 0 the circuitthrough retaining-magnet 72/ will be broken, thereby releasing the rodof set a. The carbons n, being thus brought together, bring the lampagain into circuit, and the lifting-magnets operate to cause the clutchto grasp the rod of set a and separate said set to establish the arc.The retaining-magnet g being included in the arc thus established, itsarmature will be raised, thereby lifting lever 7 out of employment,together with the rod and upper carbon of set 70. Lever f will be thusrelieved from their weight. The lamp will then continue to burn untilthe carbons of the second set are consumed. Thereupon the rod of thesecond set will be held by its stop until finally the lamp will be againout out, this time permanently, by the automatic cutout.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 6, the supports of the lower'carhons of thedifferent sets are insulated from each other. I preferably use the formof support shown in Fig. 3,in which the two insulated sections form aglobe-pan.

The clutches may be of any well-known construction.

It matters not which set of carbons may be burned first, the sequence ofthe burning being determined by the accidental difference in theresistance of the two sets of carbons, and the arc of the different setswill be of the same average length. Thus the lamp will give a uniformlysteady and brilliant light during the entire time of its service. 7

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent 1. In an electric-arclamp, the combination,substantially as hereinbefore described, of two sets or pairs of carbonsin multiple are or derived circuit with one another, the members of bothpairs being normally in contact, an electro-magnet in the main circuitof the said lamp, and a system of leverage actuated by the saidclectro-magnet and acting when ILO the Working-current passes to raisethe upper members of both pairs at once, so as to initially separatethem, with independent electro-magnets, one included in each of the saidderived circuits, and armatu res mounted upon the clutch-levers of theupper carbons, the electro-magnet in each derived circuit being placedso as to control that armature which is attached to the clutch-lever ofthe carbons of the other derived circuit, whereby the establishment ofthe are in connection with either pair of carbons is caused to maintainthe separation of the remaining pair of carbons.

2. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of two sets or pairs ofcarbons, the members of both pairs being (when the lamp is not burning)in contact with each other, mechanism actuated by an electro-magnet inthe main circuit for initially separating the members of both pairs atonce upon the passage of the lighting-current through the said lamp. andretaining eleetro-magnetic devices for maintaining the separation of theidle carbons and for sustaining the weight of the upper members of thesaid idle carbons, said retaining electro-magnetic devices beingcontrolled by the current maintaining the-light between the other pair,whereby the lifting and regulating mechanism is relieved from the weightof the upper idle carbon.

3. The combination, with the main circuit, of the lifting-magnetincluded therein, the fine-wire magnet in the shunt-circuit, the twosets of carbons, the upper members thereof being carried uponindependentlymoving carbon-rods, the clutches-one for each rod withtheir clutch-levers, the lifting-lever linked to the armature-levers ofthe liftingmagnet and feeding-magnet, and the retaining-magnetsconnected in circuit with the different sets of carbons, whereby whencurrent is closed through the lamp the upper carbons are liftedtogether, the are established between the members of one set, and theidle rod, its clutch, and clutch-lever lifted from the lifting-lever andretained in position during the burning of the are first established.

4. The combination, with the bell-crank levers operated, respectively,by the liftingmagnet in the main circuit and the fine-wire magnet in theshunt-circuit, of the link connecting said levers with thelifting-lever, the clutch-levers resting normally-on said liftinglever,each clutch-lever being provided with an armature and each supporting adifferent clutch and carbonrod, the retaining-magnets-one for eachclutch-lever-said retaining-magnets being in circuit each with itsdiagonally-opposite sets of carbons, whereby when circuit is closedthrough the lamp the two uppercarbons are first lifted and an areestablished between one of the sets, and the clutch-lever of the idlerod lifted'and retained by its retaining-magnet to relieve theliftinglever of the weight of the idle rod,its carbon, clutch, andclutch-lever,substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. The combination, with the centrallyplaced lifting-lever, of theclutch-levers and clutches of the dilferent rods normally supportedthereby, the coarse-wire magnet in the main circuit, the fine-wiremagnet in the shunt-circuit'around the sets of carbons, the linkmechanism connecting the armature-levers of said magnets with thecentral liftinglever, and the retaining-magnets connected in oppositesides of the divided or multiple circuit through the lamp, saidretaining-magnets having armatures upon the clutch-levers,respectively,whereby on closing circuit through the lamp thelifting-lever is raised to separate the different sets of carbons andestablish the are between one of said sets, while the circuit of the arcis closed through the retaining-magnet of the clutch-lever of the idlerod and the circuit of the other retaining-magnet opened by theseparation of the pair of carbons notin service, substantially as andfor the purpose specified.

6. In a double-carbon arc lamp, two carbon-rods, in combination with thecircuit of the lamp, including both of said carbonrods, tworetaining-magnets, one included in circuit with each of said rods, eachto be energized when current flows through its particular carbon-rod,the armatures of said retaining magnets being connected reciprocallywith the carbon-rod of the other to lift the said carbon-rod of theother when energized, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

7. In a double-carbon arclamp, two carbon-rods, the circuit of the lampincluding both of said carbon-rods, and two retainingmagnets, oneincluded in circuit with each of said rods, each to be energized whencurrent flows through its particular carbon-rod, the armatures of saidretaining-magnets being connected reciprocally with the carbon-rod ofthe other to lift the said carbon-rod of the other when energized, incombination with a shunt around said retaining-magnet and are, saidshunt including a circuit-closing device controlled by the arc, wherebythe said are and retaining-magnet are shunted out of circuitautomatically, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In witness whereof I hereunto subscribe my name this 21st day of June,A. D. 1886.

CHARLES E. SGRIBNER. lVitnesses:

GEORGE P. BARTON, J ()SEPH S. KENNARD, Jr.

